Bronzino

Agnolo di Cosimo (1503-1572), more commonly known as Bronzino, was an Italian Mannerist painter from Florence. His nickname may refer to his dark skin or reddish hair.

Spending his entire life in Florence, Bronzino became the court painter for Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, starting in his late 30s. Although primarily a portraitist, he also created religious and allegorical works, such as his famous piece "Venus, Cupid, Folly, and Time," painted around 1544-1545. Many portraits of the Medici exist, sometimes with varying contributions from Bronzino, as Cosimo promoted the practice of copied portraits as diplomatic gifts.

Bronzino trained under Raffaellino del Garbo and later Pontormo, whose influence is evident in Bronzino's style, which features elegant, elongated figures that are calm and reserved. His work was often criticised as cold and artificial, especially during the 19th and early 20th centuries, but has gained appreciation in recent decades.

An early work by Bronzino can be found in the Capponi Chapel in Santa Felicita, Florence. He was a founding member of the Florentine Accademia delle Arti del Disegno in 1563 and had a close relationship with his favorite pupil, Alessandro Allori.

Bronzino first received Medici patronage for the 1539 wedding of Cosimo I to Eleonora di Toledo. His portraits are known for their static elegance and influence on European court portraiture. He also painted idealised portraits of Dante and Petrarch.

Among his notable works are portraits of Cosimo and Eleonora, as well as other members of their court. These paintings are renowned for their intricate details, particularly in the duchess's costumes, which have spurred scholarly debate about their authenticity. Another interesting aspect of his work includes allegorical portraits like "Portrait of Andrea Doria as Neptune," where he depicts well-known figures in mythical contexts.

In addition to painting, Bronzino was also a poet.