Käthe Kollwitz

Käthe Kollwitz (1867-1945) was a German artist, renowned for her powerful and emotive works that addressed social injustice, war and human suffering.

Born in 1867 Königsberg, East Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia), Kollwitz was the fifth child of a liberal, middle-class family.

Her father, Karl Schmidt, was a Social Democrat and house builder, while her mother, Katherina Schmidt, was the daughter of a Lutheran pastor.

Kollwitz's artistic journey began under the guidance of her father, who recognised her talent and arranged for her to receive art lessons.

She studied painting in Berlin and Munich, where she was influenced by the works of Max Klinger and the Realism movement.  However, her exposure to the harsh realities of working-class life, particularly through her husband Karl Kollwitz’s medical practice, profoundly shaped her artistic focus.

Her early works, such as the 'Weavers' Revolt' (1894-98) and 'Peasants War' (1902-08) series, depicted the struggles of the poor and oppressed with powerful, simplified forms.  These works established her as a leading voice in social realism and Expressionism.

The death of her youngest son, Peter, in World War I, deeply affected Kollwitz and led her to create poignant works exploring themes of grief and maternal loss.

Her later works, including the 'War' series (1922-45), continued to address the devastating impact of conflict on families and communities.

Kollwitz was also a pioneer for women in the arts, becoming the first woman elected to the Prussian Academy of Arts and receiving honorary professor status.

Despite the challenges of the Nazi regime, she remained committed to her principles, producing works that critiqued the inhumanity of war and social injustice.