Godfrey Kneller

Sir Godfrey Kneller (1646-1723) stands as one of the most significant portrait painters of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, leaving an indelible mark on British art and society. Born in Lübeck, Germany, as Gottfried Kniller, he initially trained under Rembrandt’s pupil, Ferdinand Bol, in Amsterdam, before travelling to Italy to further his artistic education. This European grounding in the Baroque tradition provided Kneller with both technical prowess and a cosmopolitan sensibility that would serve him well upon his arrival in England in 1676.

Kneller’s ascent in the English art world was rapid. His skill in capturing the likenesses of his sitters, combined with an ability to flatter, made him the portraitist of choice for England’s elite. He succeeded Sir Peter Lely as Principal Painter to the Crown, serving four monarchs - Charles II, James II, William III, and Queen Anne. In 1715, George I ennobled him as a baronet in recognition of his artistic achievements and his contributions to the cultural life of the court.

Perhaps Kneller’s most famous works are the series of ‘Kit-Cat’ portraits, commissioned by the members of the Kit-Cat Club, a group of influential Whig politicians and writers. These portraits, painted between 1697 and 1721, are notable for their informal elegance and psychological insight, setting a new standard for portraiture in England. Rather than depicting the subjects in stiff, formal poses, Kneller presented them in relaxed attitudes, often with a direct gaze that suggests both intellect and character.

Kneller’s artistic style is characterised by a refined use of colour, dramatic lighting, and fluid brushwork. He excelled at rendering sumptuous fabrics and capturing the subtleties of expression, endowing his portraits with both grandeur and approachability. His ability to balance formality with a sense of personality ensured his popularity among patrons eager to see themselves immortalised in paint.

Beyond his prodigious output (he is said to have produced over five hundred portraits), Kneller played a crucial role in shaping the direction of British art. His workshop trained several artists who would continue the tradition of portraiture, while his influence extended into the eighteenth century, paving the way for successors such as Sir Joshua Reynolds and Thomas Gainsborough.

Sir Godfrey Kneller’s legacy endures not only in the grand halls of stately homes and the National Portrait Gallery but also in the visual language of British portraiture. Through his paintings, we encounter the faces of a nation in transition, and in his artistry, we glimpse the emergence of a distinctly British approach to the art of portraiture.