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  1. Robinson, William Heath William Heath Robinson (1872-1944) was an English cartoonist, illustrator and literary figure renowned for his whimsical and fantastical illustrations. Born in London, he came from a family of artists; his brothers were also involved in the arts, which greatly influenced his creative development. Robinson's unique style blossomed in the early 20th century, vividly capturing the imagination of readers through his intricate illustrations and clever designs. Robinson gained prominence for hi...
  2. Rohlfs, Christian Christian Rohlfs (1849-1938) was a German painter and printmaker, one of the important representatives of German expressionism. He was born in Groß Niendorf, Kreis Segeberg in Prussia. He took up painting as a teenager while convalescing from an infection that was eventually to lead to the amputation of a leg in 1874. He began his formal artistic education in Berlin, before transferring, in 1870, to the Weimar Academy. In 1901 Rohlfs left Weimar for Hagen, where through the architect Henri va...
  3. Rousseau, Henri Henri Rousseau (1844-1910) was born in Laval, France and was a self-taught painter and a significant figure in the realm of naïve art. Despite his humble beginnings, he developed a distinctive style that set him apart from his contemporaries. Rousseau worked as a customs officer for much of his life, painting in his spare time. His poignant creations were often overlooked during his lifetime, gaining recognition only posthumously. Rousseau’s artwork is characterised by vibrant colours, intric...
  4. Rochegrosse, Georges Georges Antoine Rochegrosse (1859-1938) was a French historical and decorative painter. He was born in Versailles and studied in Paris with Jules Joseph Lefebvre and Gustave Clarence Rodolphe Boulanger. His themes are generally historical, and he treated them on a colossal scale and in an emotional naturalistic style, with a distinct revelling in horrible subjects and details. He made his Paris Salon début in 1882 with Vitellius traîné dans les rues de Rome par la populace (1882). He followed...
  5. Roscoe, Margaret Margaret Roscoe (nee Lace 1786-1840) was an early 19th-century English botanical illustrator and author. She was mother to Margaret Sandbach and wife to Edward Roscoe. Roscoe illustrated plates in her father-in-law, William Roscoe's, botanical work 'Monandrian Plants of the Order Scitamineae: Chiefly Drawn from Living Specimens in the Botanical Gardens at Liverpool'. Her sister Mrs James Dixon also illustrated this botanical work. She went on to write and illustrate 'Floral Il...
  6. Ross, Marion T. Marion T. Ross, affectionately known as 'Penny', lived from 1881-1937. He was an illustrator from Illinois in Chicago, USA and provided artwork for comics. He was an early co-worker of Walt Disney and a friend of Richard Felton Outcault, with whom he created 'Buster Brown'. In 1908 he created the 'Mamma's Angel Child' comic strip which was very popular and appeared in 25 major newspapers in the USA, including the Chicago Tribune and the Baltimore American Newspaper...
  7. Solomon, Simeon Simeon Solomon (1840-1905) was a British painter associated with the Pre-Raphaelites who was noted for his depictions of Jewish life and same-sex desire. His career was cut short as a result of public scandal following his arrests and convictions for attempted sodomy in 1873 and 1874. Solomon was born into a prominent Jewish family. He was the eighth and last child born to merchant Michael (Meyer) Solomon and artist Catherine (Kate) Levy. Solomon was a younger brother to fellow painters Abrah...
  8. Soutine, Chaïm Chaïm Soutine (1893-1943) was a French painter of Belarusian-Jewish origin of the School of Paris, who made a major contribution to the Expressionist movement while living and working in Paris. Inspired by classic painting in the European tradition, exemplified by the works of Rembrandt, Chardin and Courbet, Soutine developed an individual style more concerned with shape, colour and texture than representation, which served as a bridge between more traditional approaches and the developing fo...
  9. Spencer-Stanhope, John John Roddam Spencer-Stanhope (1829-1908) was an English artist associated with Edward Burne-Jones and George Frederic Watts and often regarded as a second-wave pre-Raphaelite. His work is also studied within the context of Aestheticism and British Symbolism. Stanhope was the uncle and teacher of the painter Evelyn De Morgan. Stanhope was the son of John Spencer Stanhope of Horsforth and Cannon Hall, a classical antiquarian who in his youth explored Greece. The artist's mother was Elizabet...
  10. Snowman, Isaac Isaac Snowman (1873-1947) was an Anglo-Jewish artist who made Jewish cultural themes his subject. He was educated at the City of London School. In 1890 he entered the Royal Academy School, where he was awarded a medal, and afterward a scholarship in the Institution of British Artists. His interest in Jewish matters was shown through his drawings 'A Difficult Passage in the Talmud' and 'The Blessing of Sabbath Lights', as well as by his 'Early Morning Prayer in the Synagogu...
  11. Soper, George George Soper (1870-1942) was an English illustrator and etcher whose work appears in books, magazines and journals, including Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, The Water Babies, Lamb’s Tales from Shakespeare, Arabian Nights and Grimm’s Fairy Tales. Soper is best known for his images from the late nineteenth century onwards that depict rural life in Britain, often featuring horses. He was selected to exhibit at the Royal Academy when just 19, and continued to exhibit there most years for the r...
  12. Smith, Jessie Willcox Jessie Willcox Smith (1863-1935) was an influential American illustrator and painter, best known for her enchanting depictions of children and maternal themes. Born in Philadelphia, she developed a passion for art at an early age, eventually enrolling at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. Her early career saw her work alongside other prominent artists of the time, including the renowned illustrator Howard Pyle, who significantly shaped her artistic style. Willcox Smith's illustrat...
  13. Sorolla, Joaquín Joaquín Sorolla (1863-1923) was born in Valencia and emerged as one of Spain’s most celebrated painters, renowned for his luminous and dynamic style. His works predominantly showcase the Mediterranean landscapes, seaside scenes and the vibrant life of Spanish culture. Sorolla’s early artistic training began at the San Carlos Academy in Valencia, where he developed a deep appreciation for colour and light. Throughout his career, Sorolla’s paintings reflected a remarkable ability to capture the...
  14. Spitzweg, Carl Carl Spitzweg (1808-1885) was a prominent German painter and a key figure in the Romantic movement. Born in Munich, he initially trained as a pharmacist before pursuing his passion for art, studying at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich. His works often reflect a deep appreciation for the beauty of everyday life, capturing the nuances of 19th-century German society with a distinct sense of humour and charm. Spitzweg is perhaps best known for his depiction of idyllic landscapes and whimsical s...
  15. Toorop, Jan Johannes Theodorus "Jan" Toorop (1858-1928) was a Dutch painter who worked in various styles, including Symbolism, Art Nouveau, and Pointillism. His early work was influenced by the Amsterdam Impressionism movement. Toorop's father was Christoffel Theodorus Toorop, a civil servant, and his mother was Maria Magdalena Cooke. He was the third of five children and lived on the island of Bangka near Sumatra until he was nine years old. He was then sent to school in Batavia on Java. In ...
  16. Turner, Joseph Mallord William Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851) is often regarded as one of Britain's greatest and most innovative artists. His early works were rooted in the traditions of landscape painting, but he was soon recognised for his ability to convey both the beauty and the sublime power of nature through the use of light and colour. Born in Covent Garden, London, Turner was the son of a barber and began displaying an artistic talent from a young age. He enrolled at the Royal Academy Schools at the ...