Joseph Wright of Derby (1734-1797) was a pivotal figure in British art, best known for his dramatic use of light and shadow, which anticipated the techniques of later Romantic painters. 

Born in Derby, he received his initial training in London before embarking on a career that would see him achieve considerable acclaim. Wright's work often focused on themes of science and industry, reflecting the transformative changes of the Industrial Revolution. 

One of his most notable pieces, 'An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump', illustrates his fascination with scientific advancement and the tension between rational thought and emotional response. Here, he captures the awe and fear surrounding scientific discovery, using chiaroscuro to heighten the drama and engage the viewer. His portraits and landscapes also contribute to his reputation, with a keen eye for detail and a deep understanding of human emotion. 

Wright's style evolved throughout his career, influenced by both the Rococo and Neoclassical movements, but he remained distinct in his dedication to exploring the human experience through a lens of enlightenment. Wright's contributions extended beyond his paintings; he was instrumental in the establishment of the Derby Philosophical Society, promoting intellectual discourse in a rapidly changing society. 

Today, his works are celebrated for their innovative interpretation of light and shadow, embodying the spirit of an era marked by progress and inquiry. His legacy continues to inspire artists and scholars alike, affirming his significant place in British art history.